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It makes sense for the farmer and the merchant to get together early in the season and agree the price to be paid for the produce at harvest time. This way the farmer can plan his expenses and the merchant can set his prices. In effect they are negotiating a type of futures contract, which provides them a way of eliminating the risk they face due to the uncertain future price of coffee beans. 11 Futures markets have evolved to include markets whose underlying asset is a financial asset, such as a bond or a portfolio of stocks. Most of the contracts traded can be classified as either commodity futures or financial futures, depending on whether the underlying asset is a commodity or a financial asset. Futures Exchanges The Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) was established in 1848 to allow farmers and merchants to negotiate future prices for their produce. The main task of the exchange was to standardize the quantity and quality of the produce that was traded. CBOT now offers futures contracts on many different underlying assets, including corn, oats, soybeans, wheat, silver and Treasury bonds. In 1919, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) was created. The exchange has provided a futures market for many commodities including pork bellies & live cattle. In 1982, it introduced a futures contract on the S&P 500 stock index. The London International Futures and Options Exchange (LIFFE) was founded in 1982. Futures markets traded on LIFFE include the FTSE100, the GILT and Short Sterling. LIFFE has experienced huge growth, over 40% a year, since it started. In 2001 a record 216 million contracts were traded, representing approximately 96 trillion in value. |
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